Santa Clara University School of Law is a pioneer in international studies programs. Through its Institute of International and Comparative Law, the law school in 1996 continues to provide a unique opportunity for law students and lawyers to study various aspects of international and comparative law in geographical settings particularly relevant to their areas of expertise.

GENERAL INFORMATION

All programs are approved by the American Bar Association and are open to students in good standing at ABA accredited law schools. Most programs are also open to graduates of such schools, attorneys, and judges. Student applicants must have completed at least one year of full-time or two years of part-time law study.

The applicant must submit one of the following: a statement of good standing from his or her law school, a transcript, or evidence of graduation from an ABA-accredited law school.

Generally, participation in foreign summer programs may be used to accelerate graduation. However, students should be aware that it is unlikely that Santa Clara School of Law programs (other than Oxford) are sufficiently long that two summer sessions provide enough residence credit for a full-time semester. Students interested in acceleration should be referred to their home schools to review this issue.

NONDISCRIMINATION POLICY

Santa Clara University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national and/or ethnic origin, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, handicap/disability, religion ' veteran's status, or age in the administration of any of its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, athletic, and other school-administered policies, as well as employment-related policies and activities.

Inquiries regarding equal opportunity policies, the filing of grievances, or requests for a copy of the grievance procedures covering discrimination complaints, including complaints under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973and 34 CFR 104 et seq. (pertaining to handicap/disability) and under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 34 CFR 100 et seq. (pertaining to race, color, and national origin). Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and 34 CFR 106 et seq. (pertaining to sex), should be directed to:

Conchita Franco Serri
Affirmative Action Officer
SCU Title IX Compliance Officer
Walsh Administration Building
(408) 554-4113

Inquiries regarding equal opportunity policies, the filing of grievances, or to request a copy of the grievance procedures covering discrimination complaints, including complaints under Title DC of the 1972 Education Amendments and 34 CFR 106 et seq. (pertaining to sex), should be directed to:

Robert Warren
Director of Human Resource Management Cowell Center
(408) 554-4392

COURSE WORK AND MATERIALS

To preserve the benefits of small class instruction, admission to the programs will be limited.

Except as otherwise indicated, all academic courses are offered on a graded semester-unit basis. All internships are offered on a credit/no credit semester-unit basis. (At the written request of a participant's law school to the institute, a letter grade will be issued for internship units for that particular student.) Santa Clara University grants the designated number of semester units for each course completed.

Course material for many of the courses will be available for purchase on site. For some courses and general program requirements, the participant may be required to purchase materials in the United States. Participants will be notified in advance regarding these requirements. Every effort is made to keep course material costs comparable with other law school courses.

INTERNSHIPS

Fifty hours of field work are required for each semester unit of credit in any internship component; all internships are unpaid. Internship placements are made on the basis of the student's r&sum6 and/or expressed interest. The resume, therefore, should be drawn as fully and as persuasively as a r6sum& for employment in the United States. Resume photographs need not be expensive, but you must be in professional attire. It has been possible in the past to place all students desiring internship. Since placement depends on decisions by the offices to which students are assigned, it cannot be guaranteed. Failure to pay tuition and fees by stated deadlines will make placement more difficult. The Oxford program does not offer internships. Internships are not available to law school graduates. All internships are conditioned on attendance of weekly internship integration seminars. No credit for internship will be awarded to students who fail to attend.

Internship opportunities are dependent on close relationships between the programs and local practitioners. Law offices adjust their work to accommodate interns. Consequently, Santa Clara considers failure to fulfill internship responsibilities to be an academic, and sometimes an ethical, violation. It reserves the light to deny all program credit to those in academic violation.

Other states and schools have varying requirements, and students should check with their respective deans prior to joining any program to ensure that Santa Clara University credits will be accepted at their schools. Schools generally accept classroom credit, but some may not accept internship credit. It is the student s responsibility to find out what the policy is at his or her school.

FINANCIAL AID

Currently enrolled Santa Clara students may be eligible for a Stafford Loan (formerly GSL) or a nonfederal loan. Those interested in applying for any student loans should contact the Financial Aid Office at (408) 554-4505.

Visiting students must apply for financial aid from their own school. This may involve a consortium agreement between Santa Clara University and their school. For assistance in this regard, call the Institute of International and Comparative Law at (408) 554-4162. Santa Clara can assist by certifying student loan deferment forms. If the Financial Aid Office at your school has any questions, please have them call the Santa Clara Financial Aid Office at (408) 554-4505.

RELIEF FROM RULES

A student may seek relief from extant rules by submitting a statement in writing to the director of the program with a copy to the director of the Institute of International and Comparative Law. Relief is granted when both directors agree it is warranted.

CORRESPONDENCE

All applications, forms, and correspondence concerning summer programs should be directed to:

Institute of International and Comparative Law
Santa Clara University School of Law
Santa Clara, CA 95053
(408) 554-4162
Fax: (408)554-5047

From time to time, accepted participants will receive additional information from the director of the program.

After May 15, 1996, all correspondence will be mailed to the student's permanent address unless another address is specifically indicated by the student.

TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS

Students are responsible for making their own travel arrangements. Travel agents can be very helpful, and charter or affiliation flights can lower this cost considerably. Participants are personally responsible for insurance coverage for travel, housing, personal safety, and health. Housing is available through some, but not all programs. Consult the program descriptions. As all programs are located in places unfamiliar to most students, they should be prepared to adapt to local customs, foods, forms of housing, and transportation. Learning to cope with the environment of the program location is a valuable part of the summer experience.

Passports are required for all locations of the Santa Clara summer programs. Passport applications are available through the U.S. Postal Service. Participants should apply early for a passport. No visa is required for the Oxford program. Students enrolled in other programs may require a visa. Information regarding visa applications will be provided in program newsletters in the spring. Participants should not apply for a visa until they receive the appropriate information from the program director.

FEES, REGISTRATION, AND CANCELLATION

Registration Fee	$200
Due with application, not refundable, applies to tuition payment
Nonrefundable registration fee	$10
Program Fee
Budapest	$2,092
Geneva/Strasbourg	$2,329
Oxford	$1,750
Additional lectures (2 semester units)	$750
Additional moot (I semester unit)	$400
Hong Kong/Beijing	$2,092
Singapore	$2,329
Singapore/Bangkok/Kuala Lumpur and Ho Chi Minh City Tokyo	$2,329
Tokyo	$2,329
Seoul	$2,329

Late Fee:
after April 12 $20
after May 15 $40

Applications may be refused for lateness.

In the event any program has to be canceled for any reason, Santa Clara University will notify participants of that cancellation no later than April 14 and will refund any payments made. if a course offering for which a student has enrolled is canceled because it is undersubscribed or for any other reason, the student will be given the option to enroll in any alternative course or to cancel his or her registration and receive a full refund of the tuition payment. Other than these obligations, Santa Clara University accepts no further liability of any kind.

DEADLINES

Application with $210 registration fee is due for all programs on March 15, 1996.

Completion of application, including final tuition payment and any other fees (including Oxford room fee of $1,144 single or $1,698 double or Geneva/Strasbourg accommodation fees of approximately $575), letters of good standing, r6sum6s, photos, and any other program requirements:

Oxford: March 29, 1996
Geneva/Strasbourg and Budapest: April 7, 1996
Hong Kong/Beijing, Singapore/Bangkok/Kuala Lumpur/ Ho Chi Minh City, Tokyo, and Seoul: April 12, 1996

Any applicant not meeting the deadlines as stated above with the required moneys and materials may be dropped from the program for which he or she has registered.

All checks should be payable to Santa Clara University.

Since the Santa Clara University School of Law Summer Abroad Programs are guests of the foreign groups and institutions that provide various facilities for the programs, it is essential to maintain the highest standards of courtesy, etiquette, and decorum. The Santa Clara University School of Law, therefore, reserves the right to dismiss any student from the program in which he or she is registered for unacceptable conduct.

No refunds will be made after the stated deadline for final tuition payment. Fees must be paid by stated deadlines unless the institute receives written confirmation that a loan has been approved and that the lender will provide the required fees.

Directors: Professors Robert W. Peterson and Jost J. Baum

Oxford University and its colleges constitute one of the most impressive and beautiful academic settings in the world. A refuge for scholars for centuries, Oxford is an experience to cherish for a lifetime.

TUTORIAL METHOD

The 0xford program, which is now in its 19th year, is devoted primarily to the tutorial method. All tutorial teaching is done by highly qualified current or former faculty from the Oxford colleges.

The tutorial method, which was conceived at Oxford, is a rigorous, individualized method of teaching. Rather than attending lectures, each week the student meets individually with her or his professor for at least an hour. During this time, the student reads an essay he or she has prepared that week on a topic drawn from the week's reading assignment. The professor and student critically discuss the essay and other related topics arising from the reading. Another reading list and essay topic are then assigned for the following week's tutorial session.

While economics has compelled even some Oxford colleges to dilute the tutorial experience by permitting professors to take two or more students together in a single tutorial session, we conduct all tutorials in the traditional manner on a one-to-one basis. (Occasionally a professor may, for pedagogical reasons, prefer to meet students in pairs; in such a case there will be two meetings during the week or one meeting of two hours.) The tutorial method ensures rigorous preparation and individual attention, while tailoring the discussion to be most helpful and interesting to each student.

Each tutorial course is 3 semester units. It lasts six weeks and will include six essays and six tutorials. Preparation for a tutorial is intense, so students may enroll for only one tutorial course. The student's grade is based on the quality of the essays and the discussion during the tutorials.

Because of the intensity of tutorials, a student enrolled for a 3-semester-unit tutorial course is considered a full-time student. The student, therefore, receives six weeks of full-time residency credit.

LECTURE METHOD

In addition to a 3-unit tutorial course, a student may also enroll for an additional 2-semester-unit lecture course. These lecture courses are offered through a consortium arrangement with Florida State University, which has a lecture program at Oxford. These courses are taught in the traditional American law school manner, and the grade is based on an examination at the end of the course. The lectures begin June 26, and the examination period ends on July 31.

MOOT COURT

Gray's Inn, one of the four London Inns of Court to which all English barristers must belong, has agreed to hold a moot court in which two SCU students will argue against two Gray's Inn students or young barristers. The moot will be held following dinner in the Gray's Inn Hall in London, and English judges and distinguished barristers will preside.

The moot is a unique and exciting opportunity to fully steep oneself in the traditional legal culture of England. As part of the preparation for the argument, the two students chosen will attend dinner at Gray's Inn and observe a moot among Gray's Inn students. At a subsequent dinner, our students will present their argument before the Inn.

Since this opportunity is limited to only two students, those interested should apply to the director. The applicant must include references attesting to her or his potential as an oral advocate. A faculty member who has firsthand knowledge of the applicant's performance in first-year moot court would be most helpful.

The moot court is 1 semester unit of credit. It is offered credit/no credit only.

OXFORD AND ENVIRONS

The town of Oxford has been a glittering center of English life and learning for almost 1,000 years. Students have ample opportunity to browse among its many historical buildings and treasures. Some of the more than 30 colleges date from the 12th and 13th centuries and include beautiful gardens and examples of medieval architecture.

Magdalen College, which houses the Santa Clara program, is located on 50 acres of beautiful grounds bordering the River Cherwell. This college, which dates back to 1458 (Magdalen's student pub is in a 13th-centurybuildingpredating the college), includes architectural examples spanning seven centuries, as well as exquisite English gardens and the famous deer preserve. Because of its beauty, it is not uncommon for films to be shot in the college ³Shadowlands" is a recent example). Though located near the center of town, Magdalen offers true respite and grandeur to students and faculty alike.

Many historical sites are easily accessible from the college thanks to excellent bus and rail service. In fact, London-one of the truly great cities of the world and the cultural, political, and financial center of Britain-is only an hour away from Oxford by train and only 90 minutes by bus. Oxford and London offer students a cornucopia of opportunities for discovery and entertainment.

CURRICULUM AND FACULTY

Tutorial Courses

The following 3-semester-unit tutorial courses will be offered. Oxford college membership of the faculty is indicated in parentheses.

• Jurisprudence - Two sections: Peter Mirfield (jesus) and Stephen Shute (University of Birmingham, former fellow of Corpus Christi).
• Legal History - Dr. David lbbetson (Magdalen).
• Roman Law - Dr. David lbbetson (Magdalen). This course may be taken with or without a reading knowledge of Latin.
• Comparative Civil Rights - Bernadette Lynch (University of Birmingham, former fellow of Sommerville).
• Comparative Tort Law - Roger Smith (Magdalen).
• Comparative Property - Roger Smith (Magdalen).
• European Economic Community Law - Paul Craig (Worcester), John Davies (Brasenose), Bernadette Lynch (University of Birmingham, former fellow of Sommerville).
• Public International Law - Dr. Chaloka Beyani (Research Fellow, Wolfson College).
• Comparative CriminaI Justice - Stephen Shute (University of Birmingham, former fellow of Corpus Christi).
• Comparative Family Law - John Davies (Brasenose).
• Law of the Sea - Dr. Chaloka Beyani (Research Fellow, Wolfson College).
• International Human Rights - Dr. Chaloka Beyani (Research Fellow, Wolfson College).
• Comparative Criminal Procedure - Dr. Katharine Grevling (Magdalen).
• Comparative Legal Systems (European Civil and English Common Law Systems) - Professor Denis Galligan (Director, Center for Socio-Legal Studies, Wolfson College).

Lecture Courses

In conjunction with 3-semester-unit tutorial courses, the following 2-semester-unit lecture courses will be offered in the Oxford program. Oxford college membership is indicated in parentheses.

• Restitution - Peter B.H. Birks (All Souls).
• English Legal History - Jeffrey Hackney (Wadham).
• Comparative Criminal Procedure - Peter Mirfield (Jesus).

Moot Court

We will also offer a 1-semester-unit moot court with Gray's Inn. See the description on Previously.

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FEES

Magdalen College makes its facilities available to students wishing to live in college housing. The accommodations at Magdalen are the same as those occupied by Oxford students during the regular term, and residence in the college is subject to the same rules that govern regular Oxford students residing in Magdalen. Included within Magdalen's grounds are several sporting facilities, including a club house, cricket pitch, squash courts, and both lawn and asphalt tennis courts.

The standard of rooms varies considerably with the age of the building. Some rooms are within the college compound, while others maybe in Magdalen's facilities near the college. While the rooms may vary in size and quality, all are the same price. Should the rooms vary substantially in quality, the director will attempt to allocate the better rooms to those who enrolled earliest. In addition, the college reserves the right to change rooms during the program.

Some washing facilities are communal, but no bedrooms are shared. Sharing of rooms, except by married couples who have requested a double, is not allowed. Bed linen and towels are provided. Adapters are required for electric razors. Children may not live in the college.

Students may begin residence in Magdalen College on Sunday, June 23, and must leave on or before Friday, Aug. 2, unless special arrangements are made.

For those reserving lodgings in Magdalen College, the full fee of $1,144 single or $1,698 double is due and payable to Santa Clara University by April 1, 1996. In addition, there is a Y,20 key deposit to cover keys that are lost or not returned to the college. The director will collect the key deposit on behalf of Magdalen.

England is more expensive than the United States. Meals and incidentals that cost $1 in the United States will likely cost El in England. Check your newspaper business section for the current exchange rate.

The lodging fee is a flat rate based on the full six weeks of the program. No refunds are given for any periods of absence from the college. The fee includes breakfast, which is served from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. Monday through Friday in the medieval dining hall (circa 1458).

Students are also free to make accommodation arrangements on their own, but those wishing Magdalen lodging should notify Santa Clara University. All reservations at Magdalen will be made through Santa Clara. Students will be responsible for full payment of the lodging fees unless notice of cancellation is received by May 15.

Directors: Professors Alan Scheffin, Tim Eicke, and Jiri Toman

Since 1975 this European program has introduced students to public international law, with a particular emphasis on international and comparative human rights law. The 30 students selected for admission study with leading practitioners and scholars from around the world. The program is intensive and especially designed for students with a career interest in public international law and knowledge of current international issues. There is no foreign language requirement, but ability in French and/or Spanish enables students to take additional courses.

The program has two parts. During June, students attend courses in Geneva introducing public international law, the law of international organizations, and humanitarian law. After an examination in Geneva, participants take four weeks of courses in Strasbourg.

The courses offered in the Strasbourg program change each year, permitting students to participate in two summer sessions. Those attending a second time, or those with academic background or experience in international law, may apply for an internship instead of attending the introductory program in Geneva. Those who wish to obtain an internship should include a r6sum& and statement of interest with their application. Internships are available with such organizations as the United Nations (Geneva), the International Law Commission (Geneva), and the Henry Dunant Institute (Geneva). The program directors initially screen all internship applications, but the final selection is done by the organization. Therefore, it is possible that a student requesting an internship may not be placed.

ACADEMIC PROGRAM

Geneva

Geneva is a beautiful and sophisticated city nestled in the foothills of both the French and Swiss Alps. The city is divided by Lake Leman, with the old city and university on one side and the United Nations Organization, train station, and airport on the other. There are boating, swimming, and excursions on the lake. Montreux and Lausanne are nearby.

Following a two-day orientation, classes in Geneva are held every morning. In the afternoon, participants will visit international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labor Organization, the World Health Organization, and the High Commissioner for Refugees. Students also may attend international meetings being held in Geneva, including sessions of the International Law Commission. In addition, guest lectures and discussions are often arranged with permanent representatives, ambassadors, and other officials living in or visiting Geneva. Attendance at class sessions and international organization presentations is mandatory.

The courses to be given in Geneva in 1996 are:

• International Law. Sources of international law and its relationship to municipal law; state responsibility; dispute settlement. 10 hours. Professor Jeremy McBride, University of Birmingham, England.
• International Organizations. The United Nations and its specialized agencies; nongovernmental organizations; regional institutions. 10 hours. Virginia A. Leary, Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus, University at Buffalo, New York.
• Humanitarian Law. The laws of armed conflict; refugees and asylum. 10 hours. Professor Jiri Toman, Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva.

Strasbourg

Participants admitted to the program embark on an experience that exposes them not only to the latest in international human lights law, but also to students from more than 75 countries. About 350 students enroll each year in the summer session of the International Institute of Human Rights.

Seminars, courses, and lecture series are given each day in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic. All English language classes are required, but students who speak one of the other languages may substitute courses in that language for the English section. In 1996 the International Institute of Human Rights celebrated its 27th anniversary.

The 1996 Santa Clara courses, open only to program participants, will be European Law; Movement of Persons Across Borders: National and International Issues; and International Environmental Law.

The lecturers are world-renowned practitioners, judges, and scholars drawn from around the world. Situated on the Rhine River, Strasbourg is close to the Black Forest, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Paris, and Heidelberg. Central Strasbourg retains much medieval architecture, including its famous cathedral and 16th-century shops and restaurants.

Santa Clara Courses

• European Law. 10 hours. Professor M. Bischoff, University of Strasbourg, France.
• Movement of Persons Across Borders: National and International Issues. 10 hours. The Honorable David Thompson, U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 9th Circuit.
• International Environmental Law. 10 Hours. Professor Alexandre Kiss, President of European Council on Environmental Law. General principles and techniques of environmental law with an emphasis on international protection of the environment.

International Institute of Human Rights
27th Annual Study Session

Basic Courses

The following courses will be taught in sections of French, Spanish, Arabic, and English. Students may participate in the courses in the language of their choice.

• Historical Development of Human Rights. 5hours.
• The Right to Adequate Standards of Living. 6 hours.
• Social Rights of Women in the Light of the Beijing Conference. 4 hours.
• Implementation and Guarantees of Social Rights. 5 hours.
• The Human Rights Protection System of the United Nations and of Its Specialized Agencies. 10 hours.
• The European Human Rights Protection System. 10 hours.
• The Inter-American Human Rights Protection System. 8 hours.
• The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 4 hours.
• Developments Within the League of Arab States and in Asia. 4 hours.
• International Humanitarian Law. 8 hours.

Other lecture series and courses will be offered in English and French. Students must complete a separate application for admission to the International Institute of Human Right's program. This will be sent to students admitted to the Santa Clara session.

HOUSING AND MEALS

In Geneva housing can be reserved for students through Santa Clara at student residences. Students also are free to make their own housing arrangements. Students who would like to reserve a room should mark the appropriate space on their enrollment application, noting their preference for a single or double room. Prices will depend on the dollar/ Swiss franc exchange rate, but should range from $300 to $350, depending on how many people share a room. Listings of other housing, including student hostels and hotels, are available from the tourist office in Geneva. All students should be aware that Geneva is one of the most expensive cities in the world and plan accordingly.

Meals may be taken in local restaurants, the cafeteria of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, the cafeteria of the United Nations, the cafeteria MIGROS, or the University Residence, Rue des Paquis. The U.N. cafeteria offers some of the most reasonable prices in Geneva, with an average meal cost of $5 to $10.

Housing will be reserved for students in Strasbourg through the International Institute of Human Rights at the Residence University. All rooms are single, although housing is available for married students. The cost of a single room is approximately $275 for the month and must be paid with tuition prior to the session. Students who wish to arrange for their own housing should not register for a room at the residence; there are no refunds for residence housing after arrival. Meals are served at the residence and the university restaurant, 32 Boulevard de la Victoire near the Faculty of Law. Meal tickets may be purchased by students at the restaurant every weekday.

REGULATIONS AND CREDIT

Six semester units are given for the program: 2 units for Geneva and 4 units for Strasbourg. Exams are given at the end of both the Geneva and Strasbourg portions of the course. Students receive 2 semester units of graded credit for the work they have completed in Geneva and 4 units of credit for the courses in Strasbourg at the Institute of Human Rights. There is no enrollment in specific classes: Students are required to attend all English-language courses and all classes offered by Santa Clara University. Admission to the program is based on the application.

International and Comparative Law, with concentrations in:
International and Comparative Environmental Law
International and Comparative Human Rights Law

Directors: Professsors Alexandre Yiss and Dinah Shelton

Now in its fifth year, the Santa Clara summer session in Budapest offers students a unique opportunity beyond the general study of international and comparative law. Students will participate in Hungarian efforts to reform local legal institutions and to develop effective policies on such critical issues as international trade, environmental protection, and human rights.

THE SITE

Throughout its history, Hungary has been a European crossroads. Each group that has passed has left its mark on the country. Human settlements along the Danube River date from prehistoric times. In the third and fourth centuries B. C. E., Celtic groups settled among the caves and hot springs of Obuda. Later, in the first century, Hungary was the Roman province of Pannonia. Ruins of this period are scattered around the country. Nomadic Huns, Goths, Avaras, and Slavs followed, expanding the twin sites of Buda and Pest on the banks of the river. Both cities were destroyed by the Mongol invasion of 1241, then rebuilt by King Bela IV. The region flourished during the Renaissance reign of Ying Mattias (1458-1490). In 1526 the Turks invaded and for the next 150 years, Hungary was part of the Turkish Empire. After its recapture, the country became a center of arts and sciences under the Hapsburgs. Following World War 1, much Hungarian territory was awarded to neighboring states. At the end of World War 11, Russian troops occupied Hungary, where they remained until 1991. Today, following a series of free elections, Hungary continues its democratic and economic transformation. It is again a cultural and economic center in Central and Eastern Europe.

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is situated among the hills along the Danube River. It is known for its beauty, musical life, excellent restaurants, and entertainment. It has two world-renowned opera houses, and dozens of theaters. Students interested in nature will find excellent hiking trails and unique ecological areas in the hills of Buda, easily accessible by public transport. Those interested in art and history will find a wealth of museums and locations to visit. As Hungary is a small country, there are many opportunities for day trips to nearby villages and resorts. The Carpathian Mountains, Vienna, and Prague are within easy reach.

CREDIT AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM

Students who successfully complete the program will receive 6 semester units of credit. The credit is based upon 4 units of course work and 2 units of internship. Courses give participants the opportunity to meet and study with some of the leading European scholars and officials. As part of the courses, students may visit Hungarian courts, government offices, and Parliament.

During June, students will take general courses in public international law and comparative law, with a focus on the Hungarian legal system. In July, students may opt for one of two subject-matter concentrations: international and comparative environmental law or international and comparative human rights law. The number of hours and credits for the two concentrations are identical. Students in the environmental law concentration may be able to participate in a regional program with lawyers and students from throughout Europe. More information on this program will be available at the beginning of 1996.

Internships involve half-time work for seven weeks (a minimum of 100 hours of work) with Hungarian legal departments, government offices, or American and Hungarian law firms in Budapest. English is the only language required for existing internships, but participants who speak Hungarian or another foreign language may have additional internship possibilities. Internships available in 1996 include clerking for the Hungarian Constitutional Court or work with entities such as the Parliamentary Commission on Human Rights, the Parliamentary Commission on the Environment, the Ministry of the Environment, the Regional Environmental Center, North American Bar Association Central and Eastern European Legal Initiative (CEELI). While internships cannot be guaranteed, in previous years, all enrolled students have been placed.

The program will begin with a Danube boat tour and reception on Wednesday, June 5. Classes will be held on June 6 and 7. Beginning June 10, classes will meet on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Students will work at their internships on Tuesdays and Thursdays. There will be examinations at the end of June and July.

HOUSING AND CLASSROOM FACILITIES

Courses take place at the School of Public Administration, a modern university for training Hungarian government officials and civil servants. The school is located on a hill in Buda not far from the castle. Students can live in the school dormitory, which provides access to the restaurant/cafeteria and to an excellent sports facility, which includes a mineral water 25-meter swimming pool, sauna, tennis court, gym, and weight room. Students may prefer to arrange their own housing in rooms or apartments away from the school. This should be indicated on the application to the program. Students wishing to stay in the dormitory must pay for the first two weeks in advance. The cost is $10 per night for a double room.

COURSES

1. General Courses
   • Public International Law. 10 hours. An introduction to the sources of international law, the law-making process, and the incorporation of international law into domestic legal systems. Professor Boldizsar Nagy, University of Budapest.
   • International Business Transactions. 10 hours. International business and investment law in Central and Eastern Europe. Professor Janos Martonyi, Former State Secretary for Foreign Affairs; Baker & McKenzie, Budapest.
   • Comparative Law: The Hungarian Legal System. 10 hours. The evolution of Hungarian law and recent reforms; criminal law and procedure; the judicial system; the current constitutional drafting process. Professor Zoltan Peteri, Hungarian Institute of State and Law; Professor Kalman Kulchar, former Minister of Justice; Professor Karoly Bard, Hungarian Ministry of justice.

2. Environmental Law
   • International Environmental Law. 10 hours. Basic principles and techniques of environmental protection in a transboundary context. Professor Alexandre Kiss, President, European Council of Environmental Law; Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
   • European Environmental Law. 10 hours. Regulations, directives, and case law of the European Union. Professor Gyula Bandi, University of Budapest.
   • Comparative Environmental Law. 10 hours. Environmental law and policy in Central and Eastern Europe. Professor Steven Stec, Director, CEELI, Hungary.

3. Human Rights
   • International Protection of Human Rights. 10 hours. Global treaties and compliance mechanisms in the field of human rights and humanitarian law; customary international law of human rights. The work of the United Nations and specialized agencies. Professor Dinah Shelton, Santa Clara University School of Law.
   • Regional Human Rights Systems. 10 hours. The European Convention on Human Rights and its enforcement machinery. Comparisons to other regional systems. Professor Andras Baka, Judge, European Court of Human Rights.
   • Comparative Human Rights Law. 10 hours. Protection of civil liberties and minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe. Professor Peter Kovacs, University of Miskolc.

Director: Professor Peter Kar Yu Kwan

Santa Clara's summer law study program in Hong Kong is now in its 17th year. The program will again offer a limited number of internships in Beijing. The 1996 summer program will provide an introduction to Hong Kong and Chinese law, with an emphasis on international trade and commercial activities. Hong Kong, a British Crown Colony that will become a part of the People's Republic of China in 1997, provides an ideal vantage point from which to study Pacific Rim trade. Cosmopolitan legal and commercial structures, together with a strategic location and operation as a free port, have attracted many American and European corporations, banks, and law firms to Hong Kong's busy, deepwater harbor on the south coast of China. With growing commercial activity and Western investment in the People's Republic, Beijing is also emerging as an increasingly important commercial center.

The hillside campus of the University of Hong Kong, located halfway up Victoria Peak to the west of Hong Kong's Central District, provides a base for the program. The collegial atmosphere of the university attracts students from all over the world, as well as from Hong Kong. The university opens its excellent libraries and sports facilities, as well as out-patient health services, to students participating in the program.

The summer law study program requires residency for the entirety of the program from June 3 to July 26, 1996. Students who successfully complete the program are eligible to receive 7 units of credit from Santa Clara University School of Law, as well as half a semester of law school residency. A limited number of students, however, may enroll only in the classroom portion of the program, which runs from June 3 through 28.

CLASSROOM COMPONENT

The Hong Kong/Beijing program has both classroom and practice components. The classroom component includes 60 hours of instruction covering:

• Comparative Commercial Law (focusing on Hong Kong and PRC Law).
• Foreign Trade and Investment Law (focusing on trade and investment in east Asia).

The course includes a graded examination and results in 4 units of credit for the classroom component. Classes meet during the first four weeks of the program in the new K.K. Leung Building, which is also the location of the University of Hong Kong law faculty offices and the law library. Faculty for the program come from the law faculties of Santa Clara University and the University of Hong Kong, as well as from members of the legal community in Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China.

PRACTICE COMPONENT
(INTERNSHIPS OR TUTORIALS)

The practice component, for which students are eligible to receive 3 units of law school credit, takes place during the second half of the program July 1-july 26). Students can elect either an internship or a tutorial. Program applicants should select one of these practice components on the application at the back of this brochure. Receipt of the credits for the classroom component is predicated on the satisfactory completion of both the classroom and practice component of the program unless the student elects at the onset to participate only in the academic portion of the program.

Students who select an internship work full time (at least 150 hours) in a legal office, as well as participate in mandatory weekly meetings to discuss the significance of their internship experiences in the larger context of their law studies. The purpose of the internships is to provide an opportunity to observe the way business is conducted in this part of the world. Accordingly, most of the internships are with local Hong Kong firms, though a small number of internships will also be available with government agencies and international corporations.

The People's Republic of China has authorized the creation of private law firms, and a limited number of placements will be offered with Chinese firms in Beijing. Foreign language ability is a much bigger factor in the People's Republic of China than in Hong Kong, and, in placing students in Beijing, preference will be given to those fluent in Mandarin.

Students who elect a tutorial in place of the internship research and write three substantial essays under the supervision of a faculty member. The tutorial essays may be connected to form a longer writing project, such as a law review comment. Tutorial students attend individual meetings with their tutors on a weekly basis.

LODGING

Program participants are responsible for their own housing arrangements during the program. Since housing in Hong Kong tends to be expensive, the University of Hong Kong has generously opened some of the university's housing to program participants on a first-come, first-served basis. The on-campus housing expected to be available for 1996 program participants is in air-conditioned, furnished rooms used by visiting scholars. Daily charges, including house keeping, are expected to range from $36 to $85, depending on the room.

There will also be an optional meal plan. In addition, inexpensive meals are available in university cafeterias and canteens. Of course, Hong Kong restaurants are famous throughout the world.

EXPLORING THE AREA

Recreational and travel opportunities, both in and out of Hong Kong, are of almost infinite variety. In addition to its celebrated shopping, Hong Kong has beaches, sailing and windsurfing, mountains, and open countryside-all easily accessible by public transportation. The famous casinos and markets of the Portuguese territory of Macao are just a ferryboat ride away. Participants interested in visiting the People's Republic of China will find convenient train and air service, as well as jet hydrofoil ferries, to nearby Shen Zhen (one of China's Special Economic Zones) and onto Guangzhou (old Canton) a few hours up the Pearl River. Air travel to Beijing, Shanghai, or elsewhere in China, as well as Bangkok, Singapore, and Malaysia, is easy and relatively inexpensive through Hong Kong's many travel services. Closer to home, the University of Hong Kong opens its libraries and sports facilities, as well as outpatient health services, to students participating in the program.

Directors: Professor Richard Berg and Ms. Sharon Goh

Offered for the 13th year, the Singapore program will focus on the legal systems, cultures, and the legal aspects of international investment, development, and trade of the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN - Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Vietnam). The ASEAN nations are rapidly developing and becoming increasingly important as world economic centers and U.S. trading partners. The variety of ASEAN nations' legal systems, histories, religious traditions, cultural heritages, and economic development make this program both enlightening and practical.

Singapore's multiracial heritage, commonlaw background, colorful history, and current status as a financial center of East-West trade make it an ideal place to conduct this program. In addition, Singapore is an English-speaking country. Classes will be held at the National University of Singapore. The curriculum will include courses in Southeast Asian legal systems, foreign investment, dispute resolution, international business transactions, and comparative law.

Program participants will have at their disposal the resources of the National University of Singapore, the most modern law school and the most complete English-language library in the area, and a local and international faculty of recognized experts in subject areas covered in the program. Classes will be augmented by informative lectures and tours about the local culture and legal institutions. For example, students will visit the courts, talk with judges, meet with officials of the Attorney General's Office, meet with lawyers from the ASEAN lawyers Association, and meet with the director of the Singapore Law Society.

Forty-five or more hours of instruction will be required for a total of 3 semester units of credit. In addition, internships will be available in Singapore, Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, or Kuala Lumpur for 150 hours during the second half of the program for an additional 3 semester units of credit.

The following topics are scheduled for the 1996 program:

• International Business Transactions
• ASEAN - U.S. Trade
• The Singapore Legal System
• Current Issues in Investment in the Pacific Basin
• Legal Systems of Southeast Asia
• Comparative Contract and Company Law
• Intellectual Property
• Internship Integration

INTERNSHIPS

Internships are an integral and valuable component of the Singapore program. After the initial three weeks of instruction, students spend approximately 40 hours each week (a total of 150 hours) with a local law firm performing law related tasks under the direction of that office and the supervision of the program. The purpose of the internship is to afford participants an opportunity to experience directly the region's local and international legal practice. The lessons in legal culture and practice, along with the valuable relationships, will remain with the students throughout their legal careers.

About 50 percent of the internships will be in Singapore. The Santa Clara program has been very successful in placing students in internships in Singapore. The common law nature of the Singapore legal system makes SCU students feel comfortable and useful in these offices. In addition, recent Singapore law graduates doing their required "pupilage" often work closely with student interns.

A more limited number of internships will also be available in Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, and Kuala Lumpur. Housing can be arranged by the program in these cities, and English will be sufficient at the law office. Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, and Kuala Lumpur are much more off-the-beaten-track than Singapore, and the language and cultural differences are much greater. For students comfortable with these differences, a month in Singapore followed by a month in one of these Southeast Asian cities should provide a very enriching experience.

Students doing these internships will be given classes on the local legal system of Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia before the internship begins.

Students should indicate on the application their preference for internship location. The director will make the final arrangements with local assistance. A continuing effort will be made to integrate the academic and internship components of the program.

HOUSING

Students are free to make their own arrangements for accommodations. However, housing in Singapore will be arranged for students desiring it. Housing in Singapore varies greatly in location, price, and facilities. Students making their first journey to Singapore should consider having the program arrange housing initially; accommodations can be changed thereafter. The program will also assist in locating suitable housing for students doing internships in Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, and Kuala Lumpur.

EXPLORING THE AREA

From Singapore the whole of Southeast Asia is easily accessible. Singapore is located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, and interesting excursions into Malaysia are easily organized. Resort areas in Thailand, such as Phuket, and even the capital, Bangkok, are only an overnight train trip away. To the south of Singapore lie Indonesia and the attractions of Java and Bali. Additionally, stop-over visits in Tokyo, Hong Kong, Bangkok, and Kuala Lumpur might be arranged before or after the program for very little if any extra fare.

Director: Professor Kim Moon Hwan

The Seoul program is being offered for a second year as an independent program, although internship experience has been provided for several years. Students will attend classes at the Faculty of Law, Kookmin University, focusing on Korean legal institutions, and cultural and legal problems of trade between the United States and Korea. Classes will run through July 3; thereafter, students will serve internships in Korean law firms and corporations, and in the courts, including the Korean Supreme Court. The academic program provides 4 semester units of credit. The internship component carries up to 3 semester units of credit, making a total of 7 units for the program possible.

ACADEMICS

The following topics are scheduled for the 1996 program:

• Korean Legal Systems and Traditions
• Legal Problems of Trade Between the United States and Korea
• Protection of Intellectual Property

Faculty members are distinguished university professors and members of the Korean Bar. Classes will be held at Kookmin University, at the foot of Bukak Mountain.

In the course of the program, various lectures on Korean life and culture will be presented formally and informally as students spend time with members of the Korean legal community. Tours of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, and the Seoul District Court are anticipated.

INTERNSHIPS

Internships in Seoul are an important and integral component of the program. Placements will be arranged in Korean law firms and corporations for all students accepted. Internships afford students the opportunity to experience firsthand the reality of law practice in Korea as it relates to international trade. The director will make the necessary arrangements, provided the student furnishes the necessary information as required. Students applying for internships must provide one letter of recommendation from a law faculty member.

LODGING

Students are responsible for making their own living arrangements. The director will assist students wishing to make reservations at a centrally located inn. Accommodations are Korean-style. Single rooms are approximately U.S. $30 per night; doubles are U.S. $20 per night per person. Dining is available at the university at a very affordable price. Restaurants abound in downtown Seoul and are very good and reasonably priced.

Director: Professor Philip J. Jimenez

The Tokyo program is being offered for the 18th year. It offers an introduction to Japanese legal institutions and an opportunity to study current critical issues of trade between the United States and Japan. In addition, students are provided with a deeper understanding of their own legal system by a comparison with Japanese institutions.

The first part of the program consists of courses, while the remaining four weeks are entirely devoted to internships with Japanese law firms and corporations. The academic program allows students to select up to 4 semester units of credit. The internship component carries up to 3 semester units of credit, making a total of 7 units for the program possible.

ACADEMICS

The following courses will be offered:

• Japanese Legal Systems and Traditions. 2 units.
• International Business Transactions. 1 unit.
• Protection of Intellectual Property and a Comparative Advanced Study: Protection of Intellectual Property. Combined for 1 unit.

The precise course titles are subject to change.

Faculty members teaching these courses are distinguished university professors and members of the Japanese Bar. It is anticipated that most of the classes will be held at the Ohtsuka campus of the University of Tsukuba in Tokyo.

During the academic sessions, there will also be introductory lectures on Japanese life and culture as well as informal sessions with Japanese legal scholars, judges, practitioners, and other specially qualified individuals. In addition, tours of Tokyo with stops of particular interest to an American law student will be presented. In the past, students have toured the Japanese Supreme Court, the Diet, and other selected institutions.

INTERNSHIPS

Internships in Tokyo are an integral and valuable part of the summer program. Almost all students requesting internships receive them and find them rewarding. In the past, each student desiring an internship in Tokyo has been placed with a Japanese law office or corporate legal department.

Internships afford students the opportunity to participate directly in the legal affairs of the country. The director will make the necessary arrangements, provided the student furnishes the necessary personal information in time. Students applying for internships must provide one letter of recommendation from a faculty member. Early applications will be given preference in internship placements.

LODGING

Students are responsible for making their own living arrangements. The director will assist students wishing to make room reservations, on a space-available basis, at the Asia Center of Japan in Tokyo for the duration of the summer program. The Asia Center offers reasonably priced, Western-style accommodations. Single rooms are approximately $45 per night. Double rooms are $40 per person per night. Students wishing to arrive before the program begins or to extend their stay after the program ends must make individual arrangements with the Asia Center. Prior participants have enjoyed dining at the wide variety of restaurants in Tokyo, so no institutional board arrangements will be made. Dining is available at the Asia Center in a student-type cafeteria. Restaurants of all types and price ranges are nearby.

EXPLORING THE AREA

Travel within Japan is convenient and efficient. The famous "bullet trains" make all of Japan accessible. Cost of transportation is reasonable when Japan Rail passes are purchased in the United States prior to departure. Students typically spend free time visiting Kyoto, Nikko, Osaka, Hiroshima, and, perhaps, climbing Mt. Fuji. Of course, Tokyo itself-one of the world's great cities-presents an almost limitless panorama. In addition, students may take the opportunity to explore China, Korea, and Southeast Asia before or after the scheduled program.